The definition of an industrial robot given by the Robotics Industries Association (R.I.A.) is, A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. ISO defines Robot as: Robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multi-purpose machine with several reprogram able axes which is either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation application. End effector is a device or tool that's connected to the end of a robot arm. The end effector is a part of robot arm that is designed to inter act with the environment. The exact nature of this device depends on the application of the robot. The structure of an end effector and the nature of the programming and hardware that drives it depend on the task the robot will be performing. Robotic end effectors are a device that attaches to the robot arm and enables the general purpose robot to perform a specific task. End-effectors function as robotic hands. These tools are typically connected to robot flanges, such as wrists, to perform applications.